INTRODUCTION:

Water needs no introduction, the importance of this is known to one and all. However, despite water being the basic human need, this precious resource is being wasted, polluted and getting depleted. Every drop of water is precious but we continue to waste it like it is a free natural commodity.³ Water pollution, unavailability of drinking water, inadequate sanitation, open dumping of wastes, loss of forest cover are some of the problems faced by many parts of India.⁴ Water scarcity has become the major problem especially in most arid regions of the world which ultimately affect food security, natural ecosystems, plant and human health.⁵It is widely recognized that many countries are entering an era of severe water shortage. Several studies have at-tempted to quantify the extent of this problem so that appropriate policies and projects can be implemented.⁶

NEED OF THE STUDY:

Availability and demand highlights the need for conservation of water.

International level of water availability:

In the word 98% of water on this planet is salty and is not fit for human consumption. Out of the 2% of fresh water reserves, 1% is locked up in form of ice in various regions around the world. Hence, only 1% of total water reserves are available for our domestic and industrial use. (k.b. Ramappa, b.s. Reddyand Savita k. Patil)⁷

National level of water availability:

India account for 2.2% of the global land, 4% of the word water and has 16% of the word population. With about 2% of water resources of the India. Access in 2015, 88% of the total population had access to at least basic water, or 96% in urban areas and 85% in rural areas. The term at least basic water is a new term since 2016 and is related to the previously used” improved water source in India in 2019, 98.9% have access to least basic sanitation.” (Mamta kumari and Jagdeep sing)⁸

State level of water availability:

Gujarat has to support 5% of Indian population and 6% of cultivable land. Nature has endowed Gujarat with limited fresh water. it is approximately one third of the word population use groundwater (Nickson al. 2005)²⁴household with access of safe drinking water (2011)-Punjab-97.6%, Uttar Pradesh 95.1%, Bihar-94.0%, Haryana- 93.8%, Gujarat - 90.3%. (census report India 2011)⁹

District level of water availability: -

Mehsana district occupies 4371 sq. km. area between 23◦00 and 24◦09 north latitudes and 71◦26 and 72◦51 east longitudes in the northern part of Gujrat state. it falls in the survey of India degree sheet number 45D and 46A. it is bounded by Banas kantha and Patan in north, Patan and Surendra Nagar in west, Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar in south and by sabarkantha in east.it has nine talukas, having 593 villages. Total population of the district as per 2011 census in 20,27,727.¹⁰

The surface water resources of the district are very limited. Groundwater is the main source of irrigation, about 93% of the area is irrigated by groundwater. (District ground water brochure Mehsana District)¹¹

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding water conservation among the people of Mehsana District.

OBJECTIVE:

· To assess the Knowledge and attitude regarding water conservation among the people of Mehsana District.

· To evaluate the effect of planned Teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding water conservation among the people of Mehsana District.

· To find out the correlation of the knowledge and attitude regarding water conservation among the people of Mehsana District.

· To find out the association of the knowledge with their selected demographical variable.

· To find out the association of the attitude with their selected demographical variable.

HYPOTHESIS:

H01: There will be no significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge of water conservation among the people at 0.05 level of significance.

H02: There will be no significant between pre-test and post-test attitude of water conservation among the people at 0.05 level of significance.

H1: There will be a significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge of water conservation among the people at 0.05 level of significance.

H2: There will be a significant difference between pre-test and post-test attitude of water conservation among the people at 0.05 level of significance.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

A quantitative approach using preexperimental one group pre test –post test design. 100 people were selected using probability convenience sampling in Mehsana District. Planned teaching programme was given to the people residing in Mehsana District. Self-structure questionnaire will prepare and used to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding water conservation.

RESULTS:

Demographic data was analyzed using frequency and percentage. Frequencies, percentage, mean, median, mean percentage and standard deviation was used to determine the knowledge and attitude score. The ‘T’ value was computed to show the effectiveness of planned teaching programme and chi-square test was done to determine the association between the pretest knowledge and attitude of people with selected demographic variables.

FINDING RELATED TO DEMOGRAPHIC DATA:

Highest percentage in the demographic data including the age group 48% (18-28), gender 58% (female), religion 91% (Hindu), marital status married (62%), family type 62% (joint), education status 48% (graduate and above), occupation 38% (unemployed), monthly income 39% (less than 5000), type of water used to drink 91% (R.O.), do you take any water conservation action 98% (no).

FINDING RELATED TO PRE AND POST KNOWLEDGE SCORE:

Data in Table 1 show that prior to the administration of planned teaching programme, (34%) of sample had poor knowledge regarding water conservation among the people of Mehsana District While average knowledge was observed in 66% of the sample. In the post test there was marked improvement in the knowledge of sample with majority (71%) gained average knowledge , (29%) gained good knowledge.

Table 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of people.

Level of Knowledge	Pre-test		Post-test
Level of Knowledge	Frequency	(%)	Frequency	(%)
Poor (0-8)	34	34%	00	00%
Average (9-16)	66	66%	71	71%
Good (17-25)	00	00%	29	29%
Total	100	100%	100	100%

Fig No 1: Column diagram showing Level of knowledge regarding Water conservation.

FINDING RELATED TO PRE AND POST ATTITUDE SCORE:

Table 2: Frequency and percentage distribution of people of Mehsana district.

Attitude score	Pre test		Post test
Attitude score	F	%	F	%
Favorable	39	39%	68	68%
Unfavorable	61	61%	32	32%

Data in Table 2 show that prior to the administration of planned teaching programme, (39%) of sample had favorable attitude (Score 31-50) regarding water conservation among the people of Mehsana District. While unfavorable attitude (Score 10-30) was observed in (61%) of sample. In the posttest there was marked improvement in the attitude of sample with majority (68%) gained favorable attitude (score 31-50) regarding water conservation among the people of Mehsana District. While unfavorable attitude (score 10-30) was observed in 32% of sample.

Fig No 2: Column diagram showing Percentage distribution of sample according to the pre-test and post-test of attitude.

FINDING RELATED TO EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAMME:

Mean, Mean Difference, Standard Deviation, and‘t’ test value of level of knowledge on water conservation among the people of Mehsana District.

Table 3: Mean and standard deviation of pre-test and posttest knowledge score of people. N = 100

Sr. No	Level of knowledge	Mean	Mean difference	Standard deviation	“t” test	Table value
1.	Pre – test	9.68	5.72	3.33	29.8	1.98
2.	Post- test	15.40	5.72	2.22	29.8	1.98

The data presented in Table 3 shows that the data also depicts that the mean post-test knowledge score (15.40 ±2.22) was apparently higher than that of mean pre-test (9.68.±2.22) knowledge score. Hypothesis H1 was accepted hence it can be inferred that the planned teaching programme was highly effective in increasing the knowledge of people regarding water conservation.

Table no.4: Mean and standard deviation of pre-test and posttest attitude score of people.

Test

Mean

Mean Difference

t test

Table value

Pre-test

29.58

3.30

0.42

32.79

1.98

Post- test

3.50

The data presented in Table 4 shows that the data also depicts that the mean post-test knowledge score (30 ±3.50) was apparently higher than that of mean pre-test (29.58±3.30) attitude score. Hypothesis H2 was accepted hence it can be inferred that the planned teaching programme was highly effective in favorable of people regarding water conservation.

Table No. 5: Data assessment of Co-relation of knowledge and attitude regarding water conservation among the people of Mehsana District

Level	R
Knowledge	0.70
Attitude	0.60

The table value r (0.05) =0.205 (table value), DF=99, p=<0.05 (Karl Pearson’s) According to data depicted correlation value show that there was a significant difference of knowledge (r=0.70, p<0.05), attitude (r=0.60, p<0.05) significantly effects the Planned teaching programme. There is positive correlation between knowledge and attitude.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE PRE-TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE AND SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE:

The association between the pre-test level of knowledge and socio-demographic variable. Based on the Third objectives used to chi-square test to associate the level of knowledge and selected demographic variable. The chi-square value shows that there is no significance between the pre-test level of knowledge and socio-demographic variable. The calculated chi-square value was less than the table value at the 0.05 level of significance.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE PRE-TEST ATTITUDE SCORE AND SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE:

The association between the pre-test level of Attitude and socio demographic variable. Based on the Third objectives used to chi- square test to associate the level of Attitude and selected demographic variable. The chi square value show that two significances between Gender and marital status demographic variable and pre– test knowledge score. The calculated chi – square value was less than the table value at the 0.05 level of significance.

CONCLUSION:

The conclusion drawn from the finding of the study is as follows:

The ’t’ test done to find the effect of planned teaching on knowledge and attitude regarding water conservation among people in Mehsana district. It revealed that there is a highly significant gain in knowledge and attitude regarding water conservation among people in Mehsana district, after the administration of the planned teaching regarding water conservation among people in Mehsana district.

The knowledge score of people regarding water conservation as revealed in the pre- test showed average knowledge score, whereas in post-test the knowledge scores of the samples showed a marked increase, which indicates that the planned teaching is effective in increasing the knowledge and attitude of the samples regarding water conservation among people in Mehsana district.

Also, the calculated ‘t’ value is 29.80 which is significantly higher than the ‘t’ table ^{value of 1.98 at 0.05
level of significance, which means that we reject Ho}1 ^{and Ho}2 and accept H₁ _{and H2.}Therefore, there is a significant difference _{between average}values of pre and post-test knowledge and attitude on water conservation among people in Mehsana district, which gives an interpretation that there is a significant gain in knowledge score of the sample in the post-test phase. This indicates that planned teaching is effective in increasing the knowledge and attitude of the samples.

From all the above findings it can be concluded that most of the people had average knowledge and attitude regarding water conservation in the pretest. After administration of planned teaching, knowledge of the majority of the people had considerably increased to a higher score in post-test than compared to the pre-test scores.

REFERENCE:

1. Brenna Holzhauer and Ashley Schopieray, journals of : The earth day network

2. Water save (2014). Africa water: Equitable and sustainable use of water for socioeconomic development. Addis Ababa: Economic commission for Africa.

3. Mamta Kumari and Jagdeep Sing, water conservation: Strategies and solutions, international journal of advance research and review, IJARR, 2016

4. Das, m. 2007. Clean India action for water,www.google.com

5. Conservation of ground water by artificial recharge in Delhi and Haryana of India a review volume -1 isssue-3 Dec. 2010 page no. 0976-4550

6. David Seckler Upali Amarasingle, David Molden word water demand and supply, 1990 to 2025: Scenarios and issue, international water management institute report-19 Colombo, Srilanka issue-1026-0862

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8. Mamta Kumari and Jagdeep Sing, water conservation: Strategies and solutions, international journal of advance research and review, IJARR, 2016

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10. States and union territories by access to safe drinking.www.google.com

11. District industrial potentiality survey report of Mehsana district 2016-2017

12. A.K.Sinha (district groundwater brochure Mehsana district Gujarat) govt. of India ministry of water board west central region Ahmedabad march 2014

Received on 07.10.2020 Modified on 11.11.2020

Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2021; 11(1):113-116.

DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996.2021.00029.X